OSHA Quick Card: Top Four Construction Hazards

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Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

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Summary Statement

Brief description of the top four causes of construction fatalities: falls, struck by, caught in between, and electrocution, and steps to prevent a fatality.

The top four causes of construction fatalities are: Falls, Struck-By, Caught-In/Between and Electrocutions.

Prevent Falls

Wear and use personal fall arrest equipment.
Install and maintain perimeter protection.
Cover and secure floor openings and label floor opening covers.
Use ladders and scaffolds safely.

Prevent Struck-By

Never position yourself between moving and fixed objects.
Wear high-visibility clothes near equipment/vehicles.

Prevent Caught-In/Between

Never enter an unprotected trench or excavation 5 feet or deeper without an adequate protective system in place; some trenches under 5 feet deep may also need such a system.
Make sure the trench or excavation is protected either by sloping, shoring, benching or trench shield systems.

Prevent Electrocutions

Locate and identify utilities before starting work.
Look for overhead power lines when operating any equipment.
Maintain a safe distance away from power lines; learn the safe distance requirements.
Do not operate portable electric tools unless they are grounded or double insulated.
Use ground-fault circuit interrupters for protection.
Be alert to electrical hazards when working with ladders, scaffolds or other platforms.