January, 2009

Acknowledgments

This report has been developed by CPWR-The Center for Construction Research and Training. In addition to the principal collaborators, we would like to thank the individuals listed below for their technical expertise in developing and administering the survey climate instrument.

Matt Gillen, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Paul Moore, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Ted Scharf, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Scott Schneider, Laborers' Health and Safety Fund of North America
Stewart Burkhammer, Burkhammer Consulting
Don Ellenberger, CPWR
Linda Heymsfield, CPWR
Chris Trahan, CPWR
Spencer Schwegler, CPWR
Alex Szymczak, CPWR
Andy Smoka, OSHA Consultation Program, Region V
Mike Seliga, OSHA Consultation Program, Region V
Lisa Kane, Perini Building Company
Scott Blais, Perini Building Company

Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the conclusions or recommendations, nor did they see the final draft of the report before its release. Responsibility for final content rests entirely with the authors and the institution.

Contents

Acknowledgments
Detailed contents of the Final Report
A. Introduction
B. Methods
C. Results

1. Construction Workers
2. Foreman
3. Superintendents
4. Executives
5. Comparison of 4 groups

Detailed Contents of the Final Report

Acknowledgments
A. Introduction
B. Methods
C. Results

1. Construction Workers

1-1. Descriptive Analysis
1-1-a Demographics

Figure 1. Distribution of Construction Workers by Age
Figure 2. Distribution of Construction Workers by Trade
Figure 3. Distribution of Construction Workers by Home Local
Figure 4. Distribution of Construction Workers by Race / Ethnicity
Figure 5. Distribution of Construction Workers by Work Status
Figure 6. Months Worked at City Center or Cosmopolitan Projects by Workers
Figure 7. Distribution of Years Worked in the Construction Industry by Workers

1-1-b. Item-Specific Responses

Table 1. Item-Specific Responses to Safety Climate Survey Questions-Worker Responses

1-1-c. Frequency Comparisons within the Worker Survey
1-1-c1. Comparisons between Perini and Subcontractor Workers

Figure 8. Worker Responses to Q.2: The General Contractor (Perini) thinks that job safety is more important than job schedules and deadlines
Figure 9. Worker Responses to Q.3: Perini safety personnel step in to stop unsafe operations
Figure 10. Worker Responses to Q.7: Perini's safety program works well together with other
subcontractor safety programs – it is clear to me who is responsible for what
Figure 11a. Worker Responses to Q.32: Toolbox talks about safety are given regularly
Figure 11b. Worker Responses to Q.37: Media attention has portrayed safety on the site accurately


1-1-c2. Comparisons between City Center and Cosmopolitan Site Workers


Figure 12. Percent of Agreement (somewhat agree, agree and strongly agree) on 3 climate survey questions between City Center and Cosmopolitan Workers

1-1-c3. Comparisons based on Months Worked

Figure 13. Worker Responses to Q.2: The General Contractor (Perini) thinks that job safety is more important than job schedules and deadlines
Figure 14. Worker Responses to Q.6: Perini likes to get safety report / feedback from workers like me

1-2. Psychometric Analysis
1-2-a. Factors and Corresponding Survey Items for the Worker Survey

Table 2. Factors and Corresponding Survey Items for the Worker Survey

1-2-b. Mean Comparisons within the Worker Survey
1-2-b1. Mean Comparisons between Perini and Other Subcontractors

Figure 15a. Perini Safety Climate
Figure 15b. Foreman Safety Management
Figure 15c. Safety Practices
Figure 15d. Fatigue
Figure 15e. Safety Priority
Figure 15f. Situational Constraints Caused by other Trades
Figure 15g. Injury Risk Perception
Figure 15h. Media Coverage
Figure 15i. Perini Safety Program
Figure 15j. Subcontractor Safety Program

1-2-b2. Mean Comparisons based on Months Worked

Figure 16a. Perini Safety Climate
Figure 16b. Perini Safety Program
Figure 16c. Subcontractor Safety Program
Figure 16d. Safety Practices
Figure 16e. Importance of Scheduling
Figure 16f. Situational Constraints Caused by Other Trades
Figure 16g. Injury Risk Perception

1-2-b3. Mean Comparisons based on Job Site (City Center vs. Cosmopolitan)

Figure 16a. Perini Safety Climate
Figure 16b. Perini Safety Program
Figure 16c. Subcontractor Safety Program
Figure 16d. Safety Practices
Figure 16e. Importance of Scheduling
Figure 16f. Situational Constraints Caused by Other Trades
Figure 16g. Injury Risk Perception

2. Foreman

2-1. Descriptive Analysis
2-1-a. Demographics

Figure 18. Distribution of Construction Foremen by Age
Figure 19. Distribution of Construction Foremen by Trade
Figure 20. Distribution of Construction Foremen by Race / Ethnicity
Figure 21. Distribution of Construction Foremen by Work Status
Figure 22. Months Worked at City Center or Cosmopolitan Projects by Foremen
Figure 23. Distribution of Years Worked in the Construction Industry by Foremen

2-1-b. Item-Specific Responses

Table 3. Item-Specific Responses to Safety Climate Survey Questions-Foremen Responses

2-2. Psychometric Analysis
2-2-a. Factors and Corresponding Survey Items for the Foremen Survey

Table 4. Factors and Corresponding Survey Items for the Foreman Survey

2-2-b. Mean Comparisons within the Foremen Survey
2-2-b1. Mean Comparisons based on Job Site (City Center vs. Cosmopolitan)

Figure 24a. Perini Safety Climate
Figure 24b. Perini Safety Program
Figure 24c. Safety Behaviors

3. Superintendents

3-1. Descriptive Analysis
3-1-a. Demographics

Figure 25. Distribution of Construction Superintendents by Age
Figure 26. Distribution of Construction Superintendents by Race / Ethnicity
Figure 27. Distribution of Construction Superintendents by Work Status
Figure 28. Months Worked at City Center or Cosmopolitan Projects by Superintendents

3-1-b. Item-Specific Responses

Table 5. Item-Specific Responses to Safety Climate Survey Questions- Superintendent Responses

3-2. Psychometric Analysis
3-2-a. Factors and Corresponding Survey Items for the Superintendent Survey

Table 6. Factors and Corresponding Survey Items for the Superintendent Survey

3-2-b. Mean Comparisons within the Superintendent Survey
3-2-b1. Mean Comparisons based on Months Worked

Figure 29a. Perini Safety Climate
Figure 29b. Perini Safety Program
Figure 29c. Safety Priority

4. Executives

4-1. Descriptive Analysis
4-1-a. Demographics

Figure 30. Distribution of Construction Executives by Age
Figure 31. Distribution of Executives who worked in construction, by Trade
Figure 32. Distribution of Construction Executives by Race / Ethnicity

4-1-b. Item-Specific Responses

Table 7. Item-Specific Responses to Safety Climate Survey Questions-Executive Responses

4-2. Psychometric Analysis
4-2-a. Factors and Corresponding Survey Items for the Executive Survey

Table 8. Factors and Corresponding Survey Items for the Executive Survey

4-2-b. Mean Comparisons within the Executive Survey

5. Comparison of 4 groups

5-1. Descriptive Analysis
5-1-a. Item-Specific Responses

Table 9. Comparison of Item-Specific Responses to Safety Climate Survey Questions across the 4 groups – Workers, Foremen, Superintendents, Executives

5-2. Psychometric Analysis
5-2-a. Mean Comparisons between the Four Surveys (i.e., Responses from Four Organizational Levels)
5-2-a1. Mean Comparisons between Workers, Foremen, Superintendents, and Executives

Executives
Figure 33a. Perini Safety Climate
Figure 33b. Perini Safety Program
Figure 33c. Fatigue
Figure 33d. Safety Practices
Figure 33e. Safety Priority
Figure 33f. Situational Constraints Caused by Other Trades
Figure 33g. Toolbox Talks Evaluation, 108 Figure 33h. Media Coverage

5-2-a2. Mean Comparisons between Workers and Foremen

Figure 34a. Importance of Scheduling
Figure 34b. Concern for Others

5-2-a3. Mean comparisons between foremen and superintendents
5-2-a4. Mean comparisons between superintendents and executives
5-2-a5. Mean comparisons between workers and foremen at two job sites
5-3. Predictors of Safety Performance
5-3-a. Prediction Models Based on the Worker Survey
5-3-b. Prediction Model Based on the Foreman Survey
5-3-c. Prediction Model Based on the Superintendent and Executive Surveys

D. Conclusions & Recommendations

Appendices

Appendix 1 – Workplace Safety Surveys

Appendix 1-1. Worker version
Appendix 1-2. Foreman version
Appendix 1-3. Superintendent version
Appendix 1-4. Executive version
Appendix 1-5. Mapping of Questions across the 4 Survey Groups

Appendix 2 - Definitions of 16 Factors for the Worker Survey
Appendix 3 - Definitions of 15 factors for the Foreman Survey
Appendix 4 - Definitions of 13 Factors for the Superintendent Survey
Appendix 5 - Definitions of 12 Factors for the Executive Survey

References

Table of Contents